Colonial Era == ==
Portuguese Colonization === ===
((main | Sejarah_Nusantara # Zaman_Portugis))
Colonization of the East India Company === ===
((main | Indonesia: Era of the East India Company))
Beginning in [[1602]] [[Netherlands]] gradually became ruler of the area is now Indonesia, to take advantage of divisions among the small kingdoms that had replaced Majapahit. The only thing that is not affected is [[Portuguese Timor]], which remains controlled by [[Portugal]] until [[1975]] when integrated into the province of Indonesia called [[East Timor]]. Dutch controlled Indonesia for nearly 350 years, except for a short period in which a small part of Indonesian-controlled [[British]] after the [[War Anglo-Dutch Java]] and the colonial period [[Japan]] on the [[World War II ]]. When Indonesia invaded, the Netherlands developed [[Dutch East Indies]] became one of the richest colonial power in the world. 350 years of Dutch colonialism for some people is a myth because the new Aceh after the Dutch conquered then approached bankruptcy.
[[Image: VOC.svg | thumb | right | 100px | Logo of the East India Company]]
In the 17th century and the Dutch East Indies 18 are not controlled directly by the Dutch government but by commercial companies named [[VOC | Dutch East India Company]] ([[Dutch language]]:''''Verenigde East India Company or VOC) . VOC has been given monopoly rights to trade and colonial activities in the area by the Dutch Parliament in the year [[1602]]. Headquarters are in [[Batavia]], which is now named [[Jakarta]].
The main goal is to maintain the VOC [[monopoly]] s of [[spice trade]] in the archipelago. This is done through the use and threat of violence against the population in the island producing [[spices]], and of those non-Dutch people who tried to trade with these residents. For example, when the population [[Banda Islands]] continue to sell the [[head | nutmeg]] to the English merchants, the Dutch troops to kill or deport almost the entire population and then populating the islands with the servants or slaves who worked in nutmeg plantation.
VOC became involved in the internal politics of Java in this period, and fought in several wars involving the leaders of [[Mataram]] and [[Jakarta]].
Colonization of the Dutch === ===
((main | Indonesia: Dutch Age))
After the VOC went bankrupt in the late [[18th century]] and after a short British rule under [[Thomas Stamford Raffles]], the Dutch government took over ownership of the Company in the year [[1816]]. A rebellion in Java successfully suppressed in the [[Java War]] in [[1825 ]]-[[ 1830]]. After years of [[1830]] system [[cultivation]] known as''cultuurstelsel''in [[Dutch language]] began to be applied. In this system, the residents were forced to plant the results of the plantation world market demand at that time, such as the [[tea]], [[coffee]] etc.. The results of the plant and then exported to foreign countries. These systems bring great wealth to the executive - both the Dutch and Indonesia. This cultivation system is a government monopoly and was abolished during the freer after [[1870]].
In [[1901]] the Dutch adopted what they call the [[Ethical Policy]] (Dutch:''Ethische Politiek''), which included greater investment in education for the people [[native]], and little political change. Under the governor-general [[Johannes Benedictus van Heutsz | JB van Heutsz]] the Dutch East Indies government extending direct colonial rule throughout the Dutch East Indies, and thereby establish the foundation for Indonesia's current state.
Nationalism Movement === ===
In [[1905]] the first nationalist movement, [[Trade Unions of Islam]] was established and then followed in the year [[1908]] by following the nationalist movement, [[Budi Utomo]]. Holland responded that after World War I by the steps of oppression. Nationalist leaders came from a small group of young professionals and students, some of whom have been educated in the Netherlands. Many of them are imprisoned for political activities, including Indonesia's first president, [[Sukarno]].
World War II === ===
In May [[1940]], early [[World War II]], the Netherlands was occupied by the [[Nazi]] [[Germany]]. Dutch East Indies declared a state of alert and on July divert exports to Japan to the [[United States]] and [[British]]. Negotiations with Japan which aims to secure the supply of aircraft fuel failed in June [[1941]], and Japan began the conquest of Southeast Asia in December of that year. In the same month, factions from Sumatra to accept Japanese assistance to bring about a revolution against the Dutch government. The last Dutch forces were defeated Japan in March 1942.
Japanese occupation === ===
((main | Indonesia: Era of Japan))
In July 1942, [[Sukarno]] accept the Japanese bid for a public campaign and form a government that can provide answers to the needs of the Japanese military. [[Sukarno]], [[Mohammad Hatta]], and the Kyai decorated by the Emperor of Japan in 1943. However, the experience of Japanese control in Indonesia vary widely, depending on where one lives and the social status of the person. For those who live in areas that are considered important in the war, they have [[torture]], engaged [[Slavery sex in World War II | bondage sex]], any arrests and the death penalty, and [[war crimes]] other. The Dutch and Dutch-Indonesian mixture is a target in the mastery of Japanese.
In March 1945, the Japanese form of the Investigating Committee of Indonesian Independence Preparation Business (BPUPKI). At the first meeting in May, [[Soepomo]] talk about national integration and against personal individualism, while the [[Muhammad Yamin]] proposed that the new state is also well claim [[Sarawak]], [[Sabah]], [[ Malaya]], Portuguese East, and throughout the Dutch East Indies before the war.
On [[August 9]] [[1945]] Sukarno, Hatta and [[Radjiman Widjodiningrat]] flown to the [[Vietnam]] to see [[Marshal Terauchi]]. They reported that Japanese troops were to destruction but the Japanese wanted the independence of Indonesia on August 24.
source: wikipedia
