Colonization of the Dutch === ===
After the VOC went bankrupt in the late [[18th century]] and after a short British rule under [[Thomas Stamford Raffles]], the Dutch government took over ownership of the Company in the year [[1816]]. A rebellion in Java successfully suppressed in the [[Java War]] in [[1825 ]]-[[ 1830]]. After years of [[1830]] system [[cultivation]] known as''cultuurstelsel''in [[Dutch language]] began to be applied. In this system, the residents were forced to plant the results of the plantation world market demand at that time, such as the [[tea]], [[coffee]] etc.. The results of the plant and then exported to foreign countries. These systems bring great wealth to the executive - both the Dutch and Indonesia. This cultivation system is a government monopoly and was abolished during the freer after [[1870]].
In [[1901]] the Dutch adopted what they call the [[Ethical Policy]] (Dutch:''Ethische Politiek''), which included greater investment in education for the people [[native]], and little political change. Under the governor-general [[Johannes Benedictus van Heutsz | JB van Heutsz]] the Dutch East Indies government extending direct colonial rule throughout the Dutch East Indies, and thereby establish the foundation for Indonesia's current state.
source: wikipedia
Saturday, October 31, 2009
COLONIAZATION OF THE EAST INDIA COMPANY
Colonization of the East India Company === ===
Beginning in [[1602]] [[Netherlands]] gradually became ruler of the area is now Indonesia, to take advantage of divisions among the small kingdoms that had replaced Majapahit. The only thing that is not affected is [[Portuguese Timor]], which remains controlled by [[Portugal]] until [[1975]] when integrated into the province of Indonesia called [[East Timor]]. Dutch controlled Indonesia for nearly 350 years, except for a short period in which a small part of Indonesian-controlled [[British]] after the [[War Anglo-Dutch Java]] and the colonial period [[Japan]] on the [[World War II ]]. When Indonesia invaded, the Netherlands developed [[Dutch East Indies]] became one of the richest colonial power in the world. 350 years of Dutch colonialism for some people is a myth because the new Aceh after the Dutch conquered then approached bankruptcy.
[[Image: VOC.svg | thumb | right | 100px | Logo of the East India Company]]
In the 17th century and the Dutch East Indies 18 are not controlled directly by the Dutch government but by commercial companies named [[VOC | Dutch East India Company]] ([[Dutch language]]:''''Verenigde East India Company or VOC) . VOC has been given monopoly rights to trade and colonial activities in the area by the Dutch Parliament in the year [[1602]]. Headquarters are in [[Batavia]], which is now named [[Jakarta]].
The main goal is to maintain the VOC [[monopoly]] s of [[spice trade]] in the archipelago. This is done through the use and threat of violence against the population in the island producing [[spices]], and of those non-Dutch people who tried to trade with these residents. For example, when the population [[Banda Islands]] continue to sell the [[head | nutmeg]] to the English merchants, the Dutch troops to kill or deport almost the entire population and then populating the islands with the servants or slaves who worked in nutmeg plantation.
VOC became involved in the internal politics of Java in this period, and fought in several wars involving the leaders of [[Mataram]] and [[Jakarta]].
SOURCE; WIKIPEDIA
Beginning in [[1602]] [[Netherlands]] gradually became ruler of the area is now Indonesia, to take advantage of divisions among the small kingdoms that had replaced Majapahit. The only thing that is not affected is [[Portuguese Timor]], which remains controlled by [[Portugal]] until [[1975]] when integrated into the province of Indonesia called [[East Timor]]. Dutch controlled Indonesia for nearly 350 years, except for a short period in which a small part of Indonesian-controlled [[British]] after the [[War Anglo-Dutch Java]] and the colonial period [[Japan]] on the [[World War II ]]. When Indonesia invaded, the Netherlands developed [[Dutch East Indies]] became one of the richest colonial power in the world. 350 years of Dutch colonialism for some people is a myth because the new Aceh after the Dutch conquered then approached bankruptcy.
[[Image: VOC.svg | thumb | right | 100px | Logo of the East India Company]]
In the 17th century and the Dutch East Indies 18 are not controlled directly by the Dutch government but by commercial companies named [[VOC | Dutch East India Company]] ([[Dutch language]]:''''Verenigde East India Company or VOC) . VOC has been given monopoly rights to trade and colonial activities in the area by the Dutch Parliament in the year [[1602]]. Headquarters are in [[Batavia]], which is now named [[Jakarta]].
The main goal is to maintain the VOC [[monopoly]] s of [[spice trade]] in the archipelago. This is done through the use and threat of violence against the population in the island producing [[spices]], and of those non-Dutch people who tried to trade with these residents. For example, when the population [[Banda Islands]] continue to sell the [[head | nutmeg]] to the English merchants, the Dutch troops to kill or deport almost the entire population and then populating the islands with the servants or slaves who worked in nutmeg plantation.
VOC became involved in the internal politics of Java in this period, and fought in several wars involving the leaders of [[Mataram]] and [[Jakarta]].
SOURCE; WIKIPEDIA
COLONIAL ERA
Colonial Era == ==
Portuguese Colonization === ===
((main | Sejarah_Nusantara # Zaman_Portugis))
Colonization of the East India Company === ===
((main | Indonesia: Era of the East India Company))
Beginning in [[1602]] [[Netherlands]] gradually became ruler of the area is now Indonesia, to take advantage of divisions among the small kingdoms that had replaced Majapahit. The only thing that is not affected is [[Portuguese Timor]], which remains controlled by [[Portugal]] until [[1975]] when integrated into the province of Indonesia called [[East Timor]]. Dutch controlled Indonesia for nearly 350 years, except for a short period in which a small part of Indonesian-controlled [[British]] after the [[War Anglo-Dutch Java]] and the colonial period [[Japan]] on the [[World War II ]]. When Indonesia invaded, the Netherlands developed [[Dutch East Indies]] became one of the richest colonial power in the world. 350 years of Dutch colonialism for some people is a myth because the new Aceh after the Dutch conquered then approached bankruptcy.
[[Image: VOC.svg | thumb | right | 100px | Logo of the East India Company]]
In the 17th century and the Dutch East Indies 18 are not controlled directly by the Dutch government but by commercial companies named [[VOC | Dutch East India Company]] ([[Dutch language]]:''''Verenigde East India Company or VOC) . VOC has been given monopoly rights to trade and colonial activities in the area by the Dutch Parliament in the year [[1602]]. Headquarters are in [[Batavia]], which is now named [[Jakarta]].
The main goal is to maintain the VOC [[monopoly]] s of [[spice trade]] in the archipelago. This is done through the use and threat of violence against the population in the island producing [[spices]], and of those non-Dutch people who tried to trade with these residents. For example, when the population [[Banda Islands]] continue to sell the [[head | nutmeg]] to the English merchants, the Dutch troops to kill or deport almost the entire population and then populating the islands with the servants or slaves who worked in nutmeg plantation.
VOC became involved in the internal politics of Java in this period, and fought in several wars involving the leaders of [[Mataram]] and [[Jakarta]].
Colonization of the Dutch === ===
((main | Indonesia: Dutch Age))
After the VOC went bankrupt in the late [[18th century]] and after a short British rule under [[Thomas Stamford Raffles]], the Dutch government took over ownership of the Company in the year [[1816]]. A rebellion in Java successfully suppressed in the [[Java War]] in [[1825 ]]-[[ 1830]]. After years of [[1830]] system [[cultivation]] known as''cultuurstelsel''in [[Dutch language]] began to be applied. In this system, the residents were forced to plant the results of the plantation world market demand at that time, such as the [[tea]], [[coffee]] etc.. The results of the plant and then exported to foreign countries. These systems bring great wealth to the executive - both the Dutch and Indonesia. This cultivation system is a government monopoly and was abolished during the freer after [[1870]].
In [[1901]] the Dutch adopted what they call the [[Ethical Policy]] (Dutch:''Ethische Politiek''), which included greater investment in education for the people [[native]], and little political change. Under the governor-general [[Johannes Benedictus van Heutsz | JB van Heutsz]] the Dutch East Indies government extending direct colonial rule throughout the Dutch East Indies, and thereby establish the foundation for Indonesia's current state.
Nationalism Movement === ===
In [[1905]] the first nationalist movement, [[Trade Unions of Islam]] was established and then followed in the year [[1908]] by following the nationalist movement, [[Budi Utomo]]. Holland responded that after World War I by the steps of oppression. Nationalist leaders came from a small group of young professionals and students, some of whom have been educated in the Netherlands. Many of them are imprisoned for political activities, including Indonesia's first president, [[Sukarno]].
World War II === ===
In May [[1940]], early [[World War II]], the Netherlands was occupied by the [[Nazi]] [[Germany]]. Dutch East Indies declared a state of alert and on July divert exports to Japan to the [[United States]] and [[British]]. Negotiations with Japan which aims to secure the supply of aircraft fuel failed in June [[1941]], and Japan began the conquest of Southeast Asia in December of that year. In the same month, factions from Sumatra to accept Japanese assistance to bring about a revolution against the Dutch government. The last Dutch forces were defeated Japan in March 1942.
Japanese occupation === ===
((main | Indonesia: Era of Japan))
In July 1942, [[Sukarno]] accept the Japanese bid for a public campaign and form a government that can provide answers to the needs of the Japanese military. [[Sukarno]], [[Mohammad Hatta]], and the Kyai decorated by the Emperor of Japan in 1943. However, the experience of Japanese control in Indonesia vary widely, depending on where one lives and the social status of the person. For those who live in areas that are considered important in the war, they have [[torture]], engaged [[Slavery sex in World War II | bondage sex]], any arrests and the death penalty, and [[war crimes]] other. The Dutch and Dutch-Indonesian mixture is a target in the mastery of Japanese.
In March 1945, the Japanese form of the Investigating Committee of Indonesian Independence Preparation Business (BPUPKI). At the first meeting in May, [[Soepomo]] talk about national integration and against personal individualism, while the [[Muhammad Yamin]] proposed that the new state is also well claim [[Sarawak]], [[Sabah]], [[ Malaya]], Portuguese East, and throughout the Dutch East Indies before the war.
On [[August 9]] [[1945]] Sukarno, Hatta and [[Radjiman Widjodiningrat]] flown to the [[Vietnam]] to see [[Marshal Terauchi]]. They reported that Japanese troops were to destruction but the Japanese wanted the independence of Indonesia on August 24.
source: wikipedia
ISLAMIC EMPIRE
Islamic Empire === ===
[[Islam]] as a government presence in Indonesia around the [[12th century]], but actually [[Islam]] has been entered into the [[Indonesia]] in the 7th century [[BC]]. It was a busy shipping lane and the international nature through the Malacca Strait that connects the Tang Dynasty in China, the Srivijaya in Southeast Asia and the Umayyad dynasty in Western Asia since the 7th century. Musyrifah Sunanto, History of Civilization Islamic Indonesia, 2005, Rajawali Press , pp. 8-9; Suryanegara Ahmad Mansur, Discovering History, 1998, cet. IV, Mizan, pp. 92-93; A. Hasymi, History Log, and the rapid development of Islam in Indonesia: Kumpulan working paper at a seminar in Aceh, 1993, cet. 3, al-Ma'arif, pp. 7; Hadi Arifin, Malikussaleh: Pearl of Pasai, 2005, PT. Madani Press, pp. Xvi; Encyclopedia of Islamic World Thematic Southeast Asia, the arrival and spread of Islam by Dr. Uka Tjandrasasmita, 2002, New Ichtiar Van Hoeve, Jakarta, p. 9-27. In some other literature mentioned that Islam arrived in Indonesia to the 9th century. Some say the 13th century. However, Islam actually go to Indonesia 7M century, and evolved into a political institution 9M century, and the 13m century Islamic political forces become very strong.
According to the sources of [[China]] by the end of the third quarter of 7th century, a merchant [[The Arabs | Arab]] became the leader of the Muslim Arab settlements on the coast of [[Sumatra]]. [[Islam]] also gives effect to the existing political institutions. This is apparent on Year 100 AH (718 AD) [[King]] [[Srivijaya]] [[Jambi]] called [[Srindravarman]] sent a letter to the [[Caliph]] 'Umar ibn' Abdul 'Aziz of the Khilafah Banu Umayyad request sent da `i who can explain Islam to him. The letter read: "From the King of Kings who is the descendant of a thousand kings, whose wife was also the grandson of a thousand kings, who in the animal cages are a thousand elephants, who in his area there are two rivers that irrigate the gaharu tree, perfumed spices, nutmeg and lime the fragrant scented balls to reach a distance of 12 miles, to the Arab King who did not associate other gods with [[God]]. I have sent to you gift, which is actually a gift that not too much, but just a sign of friendship. I want you to send me someone who can teach the [[Islamic]] to me and tell me about its laws. "Two years later, the year 720 AD, King Srindravarman, originally [[Hinduism]], converted to Islam. Sriwijaya Jambi also known by the name of Islam Sribuza. Unfortunately, in the year 730 AD Srivijaya Srivijaya Jambi captured by [[Palembang]] which still adhered to [[Buddhism]]. Musyrifah Sunanto, op cit. p. 6.
[[Islam]] continue to be mengokoh political institutions that carry Islam. For example, an Islamic sultanate called Sultanate Peureulak established on 1 Muharram 225H or 12 November of 839M. Another example is the kingdom of Ternate. Islam entered the kingdom in the Maluku islands in 1440. King, a Muslim named Bayang Ullah.
[[Empire]] [[Islam]] then semikin disseminate his teachings to the people and through assimilation, replacing the Hindu as the main beliefs in the late [[16th century]] in Java and Sumatra. Only [[Bali]] which retains the majority Hindus. On the island in the east, spiritual leaders, spiritual leaders [[Christian]] and [[Muslim]] is known to have active in the 16th century and the [[17th century | 17]], and now there is a large majority of both religion on the island.
The spread of Islam carried / pushed through trade relations outside the archipelago; this case, because the propagator [[propaganda]] or [[preachers]] is the messenger of the Islamic government migrant from outside [[Indonesia]], then to support myself and family them, the [[preachers]] It works through trade, the preachers of Islam to spread the program to the [[trader]] of the natives, until the merchants are embracing Islam and also transmit to other people, because most traders and experts kingdom / empire was the first to adopt the new religion. Sultanate / Kingdom of importance including the [[Empire | Ocean Pasai]], [[Sultanate of Banten]] which established diplomatic relations with European countries, [[Kingdom of Mataram]] in [[Yogja]] / [[Java]], and [[Sultanate of Ternate]] and [[Sultanate of Tidore]] in [[Maluku]] in the east.
source: wikipedia
HINDU-BUDDHIST KINGDOM
=== Hindu-Buddhist kingdom ===
((main | Indonesia: Era of Hindu-Buddhist kingdom))
[[Image: Inscription tugu.jpg | thumb | 200px | Tugu inscription remains of King [[Purnawarman of Taruma]]]]
In the 4th century until the 7th century in the West Java region is patterned kingdom of Hindu-Buddhist kingdom [[Tarumanagara]] followed by [[Kingdom of Sunda]] until the 16th century. In the [[7th century]] to [[14th century]], royal Buddhist [[Srivijaya]] flourished in Sumatra. Explorers of China [[I Ching]] to visit the capital [[Palembang]] around the year [[670]]. At the peak, the Srivijaya controlled the extent [[West Java]] and [[Peninsular Malays]]. The 14th century also witnessed the rise of an empire [[Hindu]] in [[East Java]], [[Majapahit]]. Majapahit grand vizier of the year [[1331]] until [[1364]], [[Gajah Mada]] succeeded in obtaining power over what is now part of Indonesia and its magnitude is almost the entire peninsula Malays. Inherited from the Gajah Mada, including codifying the law and in Javanese culture, as seen in [[epic]]''[[Ramayana ]]''.
source: wikipedia
((main | Indonesia: Era of Hindu-Buddhist kingdom))
[[Image: Inscription tugu.jpg | thumb | 200px | Tugu inscription remains of King [[Purnawarman of Taruma]]]]
In the 4th century until the 7th century in the West Java region is patterned kingdom of Hindu-Buddhist kingdom [[Tarumanagara]] followed by [[Kingdom of Sunda]] until the 16th century. In the [[7th century]] to [[14th century]], royal Buddhist [[Srivijaya]] flourished in Sumatra. Explorers of China [[I Ching]] to visit the capital [[Palembang]] around the year [[670]]. At the peak, the Srivijaya controlled the extent [[West Java]] and [[Peninsular Malays]]. The 14th century also witnessed the rise of an empire [[Hindu]] in [[East Java]], [[Majapahit]]. Majapahit grand vizier of the year [[1331]] until [[1364]], [[Gajah Mada]] succeeded in obtaining power over what is now part of Indonesia and its magnitude is almost the entire peninsula Malays. Inherited from the Gajah Mada, including codifying the law and in Javanese culture, as seen in [[epic]]''[[Ramayana ]]''.
source: wikipedia
EARLY HISTORY
Early history === ===
The scholars [[India]] has written about [[Dwipantara]] or kingdom [[Hindu]] [[Java Dwipa]] on the island of [[Java]] and [[Sumatra]] around [[200 BC]]. Initial physical evidence is the date from the 5th century the two kingdoms-print [[Hinduism]]: Kingdom of [[Tarumanagara]] control of [[West Java]] and [[Kingdom of Kutai]] on the coast of [[Mahakam River]] , [[Borneo]]. In the year [[425]] religion [[Buddhism]] has reached the area.
At the time [[Europe]] into the [[Renaissance]], [[archipelago]] has a legacy of thousands of years old civilizations with two great kingdoms of [[Srivijaya]] in [[Sumatra]] and [[Majapahit]] in [[Java]], plus dozens of small kingdoms which often become [[vazal]] is more powerful neighbors or connected to each other in a kind of bond trading (as in [[Maluku]]).
SOURCE: WIKIPEDIA
The scholars [[India]] has written about [[Dwipantara]] or kingdom [[Hindu]] [[Java Dwipa]] on the island of [[Java]] and [[Sumatra]] around [[200 BC]]. Initial physical evidence is the date from the 5th century the two kingdoms-print [[Hinduism]]: Kingdom of [[Tarumanagara]] control of [[West Java]] and [[Kingdom of Kutai]] on the coast of [[Mahakam River]] , [[Borneo]]. In the year [[425]] religion [[Buddhism]] has reached the area.
At the time [[Europe]] into the [[Renaissance]], [[archipelago]] has a legacy of thousands of years old civilizations with two great kingdoms of [[Srivijaya]] in [[Sumatra]] and [[Majapahit]] in [[Java]], plus dozens of small kingdoms which often become [[vazal]] is more powerful neighbors or connected to each other in a kind of bond trading (as in [[Maluku]]).
SOURCE: WIKIPEDIA
PRE-COLONIAL ERA
Pre-colonial era == ==
The scholars [[India]] has written about [[Dwipantara]] or kingdom [[Hindu]] [[Java Dwipa]] on the island of [[Java]] and [[Sumatra]] around [[200 BC]]. Initial physical evidence is the date from the 5th century the two kingdoms-print [[Hinduism]]: Kingdom of [[Tarumanagara]] control of [[West Java]] and [[Kingdom of Kutai]] on the coast of [[Mahakam River]] , [[Borneo]]. In the year [[425]] religion [[Buddhism]] has reached the area.
At the time [[Europe]] into the [[Renaissance]], [[archipelago]] has a legacy of thousands of years old civilizations with two great kingdoms of [[Srivijaya]] in [[Sumatra]] and [[Majapahit]] in [[Java]], plus dozens of small kingdoms which often become [[vazal]] is more powerful neighbors or connected to each other in a kind of bond trading (as in [[Maluku]]).
=== Hindu-Buddhist kingdom ===
((main | Indonesia: Era of Hindu-Buddhist kingdom))
[[Image: Inscription tugu.jpg | thumb | 200px | Tugu inscription remains of King [[Purnawarman of Taruma]]]]
In the 4th century until the 7th century in the West Java region is patterned kingdom of Hindu-Buddhist kingdom [[Tarumanagara]] followed by [[Kingdom of Sunda]] until the 16th century. In the [[7th century]] to [[14th century]], royal Buddhist [[Srivijaya]] flourished in Sumatra. Explorers of China [[I Ching]] to visit the capital [[Palembang]] around the year [[670]]. At the peak, the Srivijaya controlled the extent [[West Java]] and [[Peninsular Malays]]. The 14th century also witnessed the rise of an empire [[Hindu]] in [[East Java]], [[Majapahit]]. Majapahit grand vizier of the year [[1331]] until [[1364]], [[Gajah Mada]] succeeded in obtaining power over what is now part of Indonesia and its magnitude is almost the entire peninsula Malays. Inherited from the Gajah Mada, including codifying the law and in Javanese culture, as seen in [[epic]]''[[Ramayana ]]''.
Islamic Empire === ===
((main | Islamic kingdom in Indonesia))
[[Islam]] as a government presence in Indonesia around the [[12th century]], but actually [[Islam]] has been entered into the [[Indonesia]] in the 7th century [[BC]]. It was a busy shipping lane and the international nature through the Malacca Strait that connects the Tang Dynasty in China, the Srivijaya in Southeast Asia and the Umayyad dynasty in Western Asia Sunanto 7.Musyrifah century, History of Civilization Islamic Indonesia, 2005, Rajawali Press, pp. 8-9; Suryanegara Ahmad Mansur, Discovering History, 1998, cet. IV, Mizan, pp. 92-93; A. Hasymi, History Log, and the rapid development of Islam in Indonesia: Kumpulan working paper at a seminar in Aceh, 1993, cet. 3, al-Ma'arif, pp. 7; Hadi Arifin, Malikussaleh: Pearl of Pasai, 2005, PT. Madani Press, pp. Xvi; Encyclopedia of Islamic World Thematic Southeast Asia, the arrival and spread of Islam by Dr. Uka Tjandrasasmita, 2002, New Ichtiar Van Hoeve, Jakarta, p. 9-27. In some other literature mentioned that Islam arrived in Indonesia to the 9th century. Some say the 13th century. However, Islam actually go to Indonesia 7M century, and evolved into a political institution 9M century, and the 13m century Islamic political forces become very strong.
According to the sources of [[China]] by the end of the third quarter of 7th century, a merchant [[The Arabs | Arab]] became the leader of the Muslim Arab settlements on the coast of [[Sumatra]]. [[Islam]] also gives effect to the existing political institutions. This is apparent on Year 100 AH (718 AD) [[King]] [[Srivijaya]] [[Jambi]] called [[Srindravarman]] sent a letter to the [[Caliph]] 'Umar ibn' Abdul 'Aziz of the Khilafah Banu Umayyad request sent da `i who can explain Islam to him. The letter read: "From the King of Kings who is the descendant of a thousand kings, whose wife was also the grandson of a thousand kings, who in the animal cages are a thousand elephants, who in his area there are two rivers that irrigate the gaharu tree, perfumed spices, nutmeg and lime the fragrant scented balls to reach a distance of 12 miles, to the Arab King who did not associate other gods with [[God]]. I have sent to you gift, which is actually a gift that not too much, but just a sign of friendship. I want you to send me someone who can teach the [[Islamic]] to me and tell me about its laws. "Two years later, the year 720 AD, King Srindravarman, originally [[Hinduism]], converted to Islam. Sriwijaya Jambi also known by the name of Islam Sribuza. Unfortunately, in the year 730 AD Srivijaya Srivijaya Jambi captured by [[Palembang]] which still adhered to [[Buddhism]]. Musyrifah Sunanto, op cit. p. 6.
[[Islam]] continue to be mengokoh political institutions that carry Islam. For example, an Islamic sultanate called Sultanate Peureulak established on 1 Muharram 225H or 12 November of 839M. Another example is the kingdom of Ternate. Islam entered the kingdom in the Maluku islands in 1440. King, a Muslim named Bayang Ullah.
[[Empire]] [[Islam]] then semikin disseminate his teachings to the people and through assimilation, replacing the Hindu as the main beliefs in the late [[16th century]] in Java and Sumatra. Only [[Bali]] which retains the majority Hindus. On the island in the east, spiritual leaders, spiritual leaders [[Christian]] and [[Muslim]] is known to have active in the 16th century and the [[17th century | 17]], and now there is a large majority of both religion on the island.
The spread of Islam carried / pushed through trade relations outside the archipelago; this case, because the propagator [[propaganda]] or [[preachers]] is the messenger of the Islamic government migrant from outside [[Indonesia]], then to support myself and family them, the [[preachers]] It works through trade, the preachers of Islam to spread the program to the [[trader]] of the natives, until the merchants are embracing Islam and also transmit to other people, because most traders and experts kingdom / empire was the first to adopt the new religion. Sultanate / Kingdom of importance including the [[Empire | Ocean Pasai]], [[Sultanate of Banten]] which established diplomatic relations with European countries, [[Kingdom of Mataram]] in [[Yogja]] / [[Java]], and [[Sultanate of Ternate]] and [[Sultanate of Tidore]] in [[Maluku]] in the east.
SOURCE: WIKIPEDIA
The scholars [[India]] has written about [[Dwipantara]] or kingdom [[Hindu]] [[Java Dwipa]] on the island of [[Java]] and [[Sumatra]] around [[200 BC]]. Initial physical evidence is the date from the 5th century the two kingdoms-print [[Hinduism]]: Kingdom of [[Tarumanagara]] control of [[West Java]] and [[Kingdom of Kutai]] on the coast of [[Mahakam River]] , [[Borneo]]. In the year [[425]] religion [[Buddhism]] has reached the area.
At the time [[Europe]] into the [[Renaissance]], [[archipelago]] has a legacy of thousands of years old civilizations with two great kingdoms of [[Srivijaya]] in [[Sumatra]] and [[Majapahit]] in [[Java]], plus dozens of small kingdoms which often become [[vazal]] is more powerful neighbors or connected to each other in a kind of bond trading (as in [[Maluku]]).
=== Hindu-Buddhist kingdom ===
((main | Indonesia: Era of Hindu-Buddhist kingdom))
[[Image: Inscription tugu.jpg | thumb | 200px | Tugu inscription remains of King [[Purnawarman of Taruma]]]]
In the 4th century until the 7th century in the West Java region is patterned kingdom of Hindu-Buddhist kingdom [[Tarumanagara]] followed by [[Kingdom of Sunda]] until the 16th century. In the [[7th century]] to [[14th century]], royal Buddhist [[Srivijaya]] flourished in Sumatra. Explorers of China [[I Ching]] to visit the capital [[Palembang]] around the year [[670]]. At the peak, the Srivijaya controlled the extent [[West Java]] and [[Peninsular Malays]]. The 14th century also witnessed the rise of an empire [[Hindu]] in [[East Java]], [[Majapahit]]. Majapahit grand vizier of the year [[1331]] until [[1364]], [[Gajah Mada]] succeeded in obtaining power over what is now part of Indonesia and its magnitude is almost the entire peninsula Malays. Inherited from the Gajah Mada, including codifying the law and in Javanese culture, as seen in [[epic]]''[[Ramayana ]]''.
Islamic Empire === ===
((main | Islamic kingdom in Indonesia))
[[Islam]] as a government presence in Indonesia around the [[12th century]], but actually [[Islam]] has been entered into the [[Indonesia]] in the 7th century [[BC]]. It was a busy shipping lane and the international nature through the Malacca Strait that connects the Tang Dynasty in China, the Srivijaya in Southeast Asia and the Umayyad dynasty in Western Asia Sunanto 7.Musyrifah century, History of Civilization Islamic Indonesia, 2005, Rajawali Press, pp. 8-9; Suryanegara Ahmad Mansur, Discovering History, 1998, cet. IV, Mizan, pp. 92-93; A. Hasymi, History Log, and the rapid development of Islam in Indonesia: Kumpulan working paper at a seminar in Aceh, 1993, cet. 3, al-Ma'arif, pp. 7; Hadi Arifin, Malikussaleh: Pearl of Pasai, 2005, PT. Madani Press, pp. Xvi; Encyclopedia of Islamic World Thematic Southeast Asia, the arrival and spread of Islam by Dr. Uka Tjandrasasmita, 2002, New Ichtiar Van Hoeve, Jakarta, p. 9-27. In some other literature mentioned that Islam arrived in Indonesia to the 9th century. Some say the 13th century. However, Islam actually go to Indonesia 7M century, and evolved into a political institution 9M century, and the 13m century Islamic political forces become very strong.
According to the sources of [[China]] by the end of the third quarter of 7th century, a merchant [[The Arabs | Arab]] became the leader of the Muslim Arab settlements on the coast of [[Sumatra]]. [[Islam]] also gives effect to the existing political institutions. This is apparent on Year 100 AH (718 AD) [[King]] [[Srivijaya]] [[Jambi]] called [[Srindravarman]] sent a letter to the [[Caliph]] 'Umar ibn' Abdul 'Aziz of the Khilafah Banu Umayyad request sent da `i who can explain Islam to him. The letter read: "From the King of Kings who is the descendant of a thousand kings, whose wife was also the grandson of a thousand kings, who in the animal cages are a thousand elephants, who in his area there are two rivers that irrigate the gaharu tree, perfumed spices, nutmeg and lime the fragrant scented balls to reach a distance of 12 miles, to the Arab King who did not associate other gods with [[God]]. I have sent to you gift, which is actually a gift that not too much, but just a sign of friendship. I want you to send me someone who can teach the [[Islamic]] to me and tell me about its laws. "Two years later, the year 720 AD, King Srindravarman, originally [[Hinduism]], converted to Islam. Sriwijaya Jambi also known by the name of Islam Sribuza. Unfortunately, in the year 730 AD Srivijaya Srivijaya Jambi captured by [[Palembang]] which still adhered to [[Buddhism]]. Musyrifah Sunanto, op cit. p. 6.
[[Islam]] continue to be mengokoh political institutions that carry Islam. For example, an Islamic sultanate called Sultanate Peureulak established on 1 Muharram 225H or 12 November of 839M. Another example is the kingdom of Ternate. Islam entered the kingdom in the Maluku islands in 1440. King, a Muslim named Bayang Ullah.
[[Empire]] [[Islam]] then semikin disseminate his teachings to the people and through assimilation, replacing the Hindu as the main beliefs in the late [[16th century]] in Java and Sumatra. Only [[Bali]] which retains the majority Hindus. On the island in the east, spiritual leaders, spiritual leaders [[Christian]] and [[Muslim]] is known to have active in the 16th century and the [[17th century | 17]], and now there is a large majority of both religion on the island.
The spread of Islam carried / pushed through trade relations outside the archipelago; this case, because the propagator [[propaganda]] or [[preachers]] is the messenger of the Islamic government migrant from outside [[Indonesia]], then to support myself and family them, the [[preachers]] It works through trade, the preachers of Islam to spread the program to the [[trader]] of the natives, until the merchants are embracing Islam and also transmit to other people, because most traders and experts kingdom / empire was the first to adopt the new religion. Sultanate / Kingdom of importance including the [[Empire | Ocean Pasai]], [[Sultanate of Banten]] which established diplomatic relations with European countries, [[Kingdom of Mataram]] in [[Yogja]] / [[Java]], and [[Sultanate of Ternate]] and [[Sultanate of Tidore]] in [[Maluku]] in the east.
SOURCE: WIKIPEDIA
PREHISTORIC
Prehistoric == ==
In geology, region [[Indonesia]] modern (for convenience, hereinafter referred to as [[archipelago]]) is a meeting between the three major continental plates: [[Eurasian Plate]], [[Indo-Australian Plate]], and [[Plate Pacific]] (see article [[Geology Indonesia]]). Indonesian archipelago, as there is currently formed at the melting [[es]] after the end of [[Ice Age]], only 10,000 years ago.
In the [[Pleistocene]], while still connected to the [[Asia]] Mainland, enter the first settlers. The first evidence that shows the first residents are fossils''[[Homo erectus]]''[[Java man]] of the 2 million to 500,000 years ago. The discovery of the remains "Flores man" Homo floresiensis (''[[ debated ]]'') Still, whether including''H. erectus,''or''H. sapiens''in [[Liang Bua]], [[Flores]], opening the possibility still survival''H. erectus,''until the [[Ice Age]] terakhir.Swisher et al. 1996 (cit. Capelli et al. 2001.''Am. J. Hum. Genet.''68:432-443) mentions until 25,000 years ago.
''[[Homo sapiens]]''first entered the archipelago is estimated from 100,000 years ago through the coastal strip of West Asia, Asia, and in about 50,000 years ago had reached the island of Papua and Australia.Roberts 1990. They, characterized by [[race]] ial dark skin and tightly curled hair ([[Negroid]]), a native ancestors [[Melanesia]] (including [[Papua]]) now and bring culture oval axes ([ [Paleolitikum]]). A wave of immigrants to [[Austronesian language]] with the culture [[Neolithic]] come in waves since 3000 BC from southern China through the [[Formosa]] and [[Philippines]] brings culture picks square ([[Dong Son culture]]). This migration process is part of [[the occupation of the Pacific]]. The arrival of waves of people characterized by [[Mongoloid]] is inclined to the west, earlier urged residents to the east or the spouse mix with the locals and the physical features of the population [[Maluku]] and [[East Nusa Tenggara]]. These immigrants brought with them the techniques of [[agriculture]], including planting [[rice]] in [[rice]] (at the latest evidence since the 8th century BC), some [[livestock | cattle]] [[buffalo ]], processing [[Age Perundagian | bronze]] and [[Age Perundagian | metal]], engineering [[weaving]], practices [[megalithic]], and the worship of spirits ([[animism]] ) as well as sacred objects ([[dynamism]]). In the first century BC had established settlements and small kingdoms, and so may have confidence in the influence of [[India]] due to trade relations.
source: wikipedia
In geology, region [[Indonesia]] modern (for convenience, hereinafter referred to as [[archipelago]]) is a meeting between the three major continental plates: [[Eurasian Plate]], [[Indo-Australian Plate]], and [[Plate Pacific]] (see article [[Geology Indonesia]]). Indonesian archipelago, as there is currently formed at the melting [[es]] after the end of [[Ice Age]], only 10,000 years ago.
In the [[Pleistocene]], while still connected to the [[Asia]] Mainland, enter the first settlers. The first evidence that shows the first residents are fossils''[[Homo erectus]]''[[Java man]] of the 2 million to 500,000 years ago. The discovery of the remains "Flores man" Homo floresiensis (''[[ debated ]]'') Still, whether including''H. erectus,''or''H. sapiens''in [[Liang Bua]], [[Flores]], opening the possibility still survival''H. erectus,''until the [[Ice Age]] terakhir.Swisher et al. 1996 (cit. Capelli et al. 2001.''Am. J. Hum. Genet.''68:432-443) mentions until 25,000 years ago.
''[[Homo sapiens]]''first entered the archipelago is estimated from 100,000 years ago through the coastal strip of West Asia, Asia, and in about 50,000 years ago had reached the island of Papua and Australia.Roberts 1990. They, characterized by [[race]] ial dark skin and tightly curled hair ([[Negroid]]), a native ancestors [[Melanesia]] (including [[Papua]]) now and bring culture oval axes ([ [Paleolitikum]]). A wave of immigrants to [[Austronesian language]] with the culture [[Neolithic]] come in waves since 3000 BC from southern China through the [[Formosa]] and [[Philippines]] brings culture picks square ([[Dong Son culture]]). This migration process is part of [[the occupation of the Pacific]]. The arrival of waves of people characterized by [[Mongoloid]] is inclined to the west, earlier urged residents to the east or the spouse mix with the locals and the physical features of the population [[Maluku]] and [[East Nusa Tenggara]]. These immigrants brought with them the techniques of [[agriculture]], including planting [[rice]] in [[rice]] (at the latest evidence since the 8th century BC), some [[livestock | cattle]] [[buffalo ]], processing [[Age Perundagian | bronze]] and [[Age Perundagian | metal]], engineering [[weaving]], practices [[megalithic]], and the worship of spirits ([[animism]] ) as well as sacred objects ([[dynamism]]). In the first century BC had established settlements and small kingdoms, and so may have confidence in the influence of [[India]] due to trade relations.
source: wikipedia
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